IgE antibodies to recombinant forms of Fel d I: dichotomy between fluid-phase and solid-phase binding studies.

BACKGROUND The major cat allergen Fel d I consists of two polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds, each of which has been expressed in bacteria. To investigate the antigenic structure of Fel d I, antibody binding to the native molecule and to each recombinant chain were compared. METHODS Polyclonal human IgE and IgG antibodies and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to Fel d I were compared for binding to Fel d I, chain 1, or chain 2 by fluid-phase inhibition radioimmunoassay, RAST, and immunoabsorption. RESULTS In the fluid-phase assay, neither recombinant chain significantly inhibited the binding of antibody to native Fel d I at concentrations of up to 10 micrograms/ml. Partial inhibition was observed when chain 1 was used, which inhibited the binding of two mAbs by 40% and 75%. In contrast, when the solid-phase RAST assay was used, IgE antibodies bound both chains with high specificity, and there was a good quantitative correlation between IgE antibody binding to Fel d I and both chain 1 (r = 0.58, p < 0.01) and chain 2 (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). Up to 70% of IgG or IgE anti-Fel d I antibodies could be absorbed by either chain 1 or chain 2, and both chains in combination produced similar absorption values in response to native Fel d I. Four mAbs were fully absorbed by chain 1, but not chain 2, and three mAbs were not absorbed by either chain. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate a dichotomy between antibody binding to recombinant Fel d I chains, which may be explained by confirmational differences between the chains in the fluid phase or on solid supports. The results also suggest that chain 1 is an important site for mAb-defined B-cell epitopes on Fel d I.